Where to Start with Your Ice Machine
If you're looking to install a commercial ice machine, there are certain rules and regulations you need to be aware of before you begin to ensure user safety and the longevity of your machine. Depending on the type and model of your ice maker, some directions may differ, but reading up on general installation instructions can answer many of the questions you might have and give you an idea of what you're getting into before you get started.
Regardless of your unit's specifications, there are some common aspects to consider for commercial ice maker installation. Before beginning the installation process, you need to decide on a space for your machine. Regardless of the ambient temperature range the machine needs to function (commonly 35 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit), ice makers usually require an indoor location out of direct sunlight to function properly. Check your ice machine’s manual to verify whether any clearance is required around the unit's sides, as some units are designed to be installed in a cabinet or flush against other surfaces – particularly undercounter models – but others need space for air circulation in order to operate safely and effectively.
Even if your unit has no significant clearance requirements, it's important to keep in mind that an ice maker should never be installed next to or near heat-emitting equipment, such as an oven, range, or grill. Installing your ice machine in an area where it will consistently be exposed to hot temperatures could result in lower production rates or significant damage to the unit.
Your ice machine will also need connections to power and water supply, as well as a drainage system. The method of condensing your model has can affect the ice machine installation requirements. Make sure you understand the differences between the types of ice machines – and which one makes the most sense for you – before you begin installation.
Types of Ice Machines
Ice machines come in three main configurations that determine how the machine produces ice, each with its own specifications and installation requirements.
Air-cooled condensers are the most common configuration, using air to cool refrigerant as it comes out of the evaporator. These ice machines tend to be the easiest to install, most economical, and are often more compact – the condensing unit is contained within the ice maker – but they usually have particular air circulation requirements due to the constant flow of air needed through the machine to remove heat from condensed steam inside the unit
Water-cooled condensers use water instead of air to cool the refrigerant exiting the evaporator. These are typically also self-contained but require many more gallons of water than an air-cooled condenser in the form of an additional water line. These units usually end up costing more – because of the extra water usage – unless they are on a closed-loop water system. A water-cooled condenser works by conducting a constant flow of water through the machine to absorb heat transferred from refrigerant vapor; regardless of the specification of your unit, if it uses this method of condensing, you must be prepared for the demands of this system.
Remote condensers remove the bulk of the noise and heat emissions produced by ice machines in kitchen or dining areas. The condenser is installed separately from the rest of the unit and can be located outside, typically mounted on a roof. These units do have a higher upfront cost, and require a more complex installation; however, a remote condenser usually provides more energy efficiency over time throughout production, which can lead to long-term savings.
Note that some ice machines require additional assembly, especially if the production head is purchased separately from the ice storage bin. Many units also have adjustable legs and feet to help you ensure the ice machine is level and stable before use.
Connecting a Power Supply
It's imperative to be mindful of safety measures and concerns when installing any commercial equipment requiring a charge, and this holds true for ice machine electrical requirements. Depending on where your operation is located, regional regulations may impact your installation process, so make sure you're aware of the voltage requirements of your specific unit to ensure a safe installation that meets any necessary codes.
Consult a professional electrician to help determine the wire gauge needed and properly ground your ice maker according to national and local electrical codes.
It's recommended an ice maker is connected to a dedicated fuse or circuit breaker. This ensures the machine consistently has adequate power and that it can be powered down immediately if needed, even if the power cord is not easily reachable.
Connecting a Water Supply
In order to produce ice, your ice machine will need a constant supply of potable water. The FDA states ice is to be treated with the same level of care and precaution as food, and it must be made using water that meets the United States Environmental Protection Agency's specifications for drinking water.1 What that means for your operation is that your ice machine needs to be hooked up to a clean water source; it's usually recommended ice machines be fitted with a water filter.
- Purer water: Even when the water supply to your ice machine is clean and drinkable, a filter can still improve the quality of ice. Cleaner water produces ice that freezes more quickly and evenly and is visibly appealing.
- Reduced mineral content: A water filter decreases the amount of minerals and other particles that might be in your water supply. This is especially helpful for establishments with access to harder water. A water filter will help prevent scaling and mineral buildups in the ice maker.
- Better tasting ice: Chlorine kills dangerous bacteria that might find its way into your water, but it can leave behind an unpleasant taste. Filtration removes any chemical tastes or unpleasant odors from your ice. This helps ensure customer satisfaction by avoiding unwanted flavors in mixed or blended drinks.
- Cost saving: Adding a filter during installation adds to the initial expense but will inevitably save money down the road by preventing waste if a high mineral content or chemical tastes ruin batches of ice.
Setting up a Drainage System
Commercial ice machines require a drainage system to get rid of waste or runoff from melted ice. Commonly, a floor drain is used, but if it isn't possible for you to position your ice machine over a floor drain, there are other options.
A drain pump helps remove the excess liquid from the ice machine and directs it into a drainage system. While some models feature a built-in drain pump, others require operators to purchase a pump separately. Check the specifications of your specific model to check if you need to purchase a pump – and to determine what model of pump will fit your machine. You should also be mindful of your machine's purge water volume. A pump unequipped to accommodate your unit can lead to overflow – which can pose slip hazards for customers or employees.
A licensed plumber can help you properly set up your drainage system and help you to determine whether or not you need a drain pump.
Final Considerations
Safety and compliance with FDA guidelines are the two most important factors to keep in mind when installing a commercial ice machine, but you will also want to think about how convenient your machine is when it comes to placement. In addition to providing ready access for gathering ice, your machine should be in a place that facilitates easy maintenance and cleaning, as ice machines which are not properly upkept can become less efficient and contaminated with bacteria or mold. If your machine is intended for customer use, you may want to choose a model outfitted with a dispensing mechanism and install it somewhere readily accessible to guests. If only employees will be using the machine, ensure it’s accessible but not in the way of foot traffic, as inefficient placement can cause serving backups. If you run a bar or coffee kiosk, an undercounter ice machine may be a better fit.
References
- FDA Regulates the Safety of Packaged Ice. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Accessed September 2023.
